25 Carleton Street Some previously young, healthy people who have developed COVID-19 have suffered strokes, possibly due . In a study published back in March 2020, researchers in China found that blood group A was associated with a higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 compared with non-A blood groups, whereas blood group O was associated with a lower risk for the infection compared with non-O blood groups.2 This may be what prompted a slew of similar studies in other countries as COVID-19 spread. On the other hand, the frequency of blood group O was significantly lower in the COVID-19 patients, compared to the control group . and T32 HL 007525 (G.F.G. Symptoms of long COVID. This week's topics include a nanoparticle vaccine for COVID, use of dexamethasone and surgical site infections, blood groups and disease . Headache. Another recently published study, this time co-authored by Canadian Blood Services chief scientist, Dr. Dana Devine, revealed that people with blood groups A or AB were more likely to have a severe case of COVID-19 compared to those with O or B type blood.4. Individuals with Type A blood type also represented a higher percentage of patients who succumbed to the illness 41 percent versus 25 percent for Type O. 14% had at least one whole-body (systemic) after-effect - such as fever, aches or chills - within seven days of the first dose, rising to about 22% after the second dose These after-effects get. S.C. has served on advisory boards for Alexion and Sanofi-Genzyme, and her institution has received research funding on her behalf from Takeda. Thanks for visiting Infectious Disease Advisor. Two messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines that lead to transient expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are highly efficacious in preventing severe infection.6,7 Reactions to these vaccines are generally mild; however, increased complement amplification could theoretically lead to more severe effects in diseases like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), where blood cells lack complement regulatory proteins.8 Here, we describe significant adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in 4 patients with PNH. EDTA added to serum serves as an inhibitor of hemolysis. Similarly, type B individuals only have anti-A antibodies. What scientists have learned is blood type seems to matter in at least two ways: Recent data suggests that people with blood type A have a significantly higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 than non-A blood types. As with all vaccines, side effects may occur after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. "We do know that people of all types can get infected with COVID-19," says cardiologist Daniel Anderson, MD, PhD. This seems to be an issue with DNA adenovirus vector vaccines the biology of which is yet to be fully understood, said Prof Saad Shakir, director of the independent Drug Safety Research Unit. Blood 2021; 137 (26): 36703673. Do not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing medication or other treatment. These usually last from a few hours to a few days after vaccination. What does available data suggest about any side effects of a bivalent booster compared to a primary COVID-19 vaccine or earlier boosters administered in 2021? Side effects after getting a COVID-19 vaccine can vary from person to person. This variant is associated with a 12-percent reduced odds ratio of testing positive for COVID-19.1. In short, it might feel like you have the flu. But because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who have already had COVID-19 get a COVID-19 vaccine. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The question researchers are trying to answer is why blood type matters. The AstraZeneca and J&J jabs are based on a similar technology. The study found that patients with blood types A and AB were found to be more likely to require mechanical ventilation and to require dialysis for kidney failure. Secondary outcome results indicated that type O blood group had an aRR of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78-0.97) for severe COVID-19 illness and death versus all other blood groups and Rh- status had an aRR of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.680.96) compared to Rh+ status. The work described baseline rates of the AESIs . To test the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on hemolysis, we performed erythrocyte lysis using erythrocytes from a patient with PNH and acidified normal human serum (aNHS) with addition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1 (S1) (see supplemental methods, available on the Blood Web site). This difference in risk of testing positive for COVID-19 seemed to hold even when researchers took into account age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, and co-morbidities (i.e., pre-existing conditions like heart disease and diabetes). A side effect or reaction isn't necessarily all bad, by the way; it may indicate that the body is building protection against the virus. Enjoying our content? Knowledge of your blood type is usually important if you're undergoing a blood transfusion or organ transplantbut in those situations, your medical team will test your blood type beforehand. The severity of the COVID-19 disease Recent data suggests that people with blood type A have a significantly higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 than non-A blood types. You shouldnt panic if you have Type A blood, and you shouldnt feel complacent if youre Type O. Blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, difficulty with speech, weakness, drowsiness or seizures New unexplained pin-prick bruising or bleeding Shortness of breath, chest pain, leg swelling or. But recently, the genetics company 23andMe revealed preliminary data from their own study showing that a persons blood type, which is determined by the ABO gene, appears to affect susceptibility to coronavirus. However, the results have been inconsistent and so the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types still isn't clear. We call this the viral load. Researchers found no link between blood type and COVID-19 risk, adding that more research was needed on the topic. For the primary outcome, analyses were further stratified by patients aged younger than 70 years vs 70 years or older. loss of smell. For the AstraZeneca jab, it seems such side-effects are more common after the first shot. In the days following COVID-19 vaccination, your immune system responds to the vaccine. Reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines have mostly been mild to moderate and have lasted no longer thana few days. Lockard Conley Research Fellowship in Benign Hematology (G.F.G.). A Top Derm Explains, 35 of the Smartest Fast-Food Choices You Can Make, Easy Brain Exercises to Boost Your Memory, Why We Should All Be Eating More Buckwheat, COVID-19 Emergency Funding Is Coming to an End. performed research, collected and analyzed data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; X.Y. In April, researchers at Columbia University reported similar risks associated with Type A blood after blood-typing more than 1,500 New Yorkers and testing them for COVID-19. Women and younger adults tend to have more side effects than men or older adults do. If any of these side effects occur, they should go away in a few days. In patients with severe disease, deposition of terminal complement and microthrombosis have been observed in the lung, skin, kidney, and heart.14 Recently, we demonstrated that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein leads to amplification of the alternative pathway of complement on cell surfaces through competition with complement factor H (CFH) for binding heparan sulfate.5 Thus, in vitro, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can convert an inactivator surface to an activator surface on nucleated cells. We will all continue to inform you, the public, that theres more to do than washing your hands and wearing a mask. Both of these studies were posted to the MedRxiv website, where researchers share preliminary, unpublished data, before it has undergone peer review. The clots may also form in multiple places in the body, including in the lungs. Redness and swelling at the . "Half of it is the same as the original vaccine," explains Richard Martinello, M.D., the medical director of infection prevention at Yale New Haven Health System. Still, a link between blood type and severity of diseases is not unheard of.. One study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in April of 2021, reviewed nearly 108,000 COVID-19 cases. More rarely, you may experience joint pain, swelling or rash at the injection site. She was also part of a clinical trial with danicopan, an oral complement factor D inhibitor. One theory is that antibodies may play a role. "As an individual, you have your blood typethere's nothing you can do about it.". We recommend vaccination within 4 weeks of the last ravulizumab infusion and 1 week of eculizumab infusion and that patients maintain optimal hydration. Fatigue. Youve viewed {{metering-count}} of {{metering-total}} articles this month. Patient 4 is a 63-year-old man diagnosed with PNH 30 years ago, currently treated with ravulizumab. Diet is also key, and as you are probably well aware of by now if youve been following me a healthy microbiome is a must. Complement has emerged as a likely driver of the immune response and end-organ damage in COVID-19. Using this data, 23andMe launched their COVID-19 Severity Calculator last year. Got a question about COVID-19? There's no need to worry about any of the flu-like symptoms. These acute stressors are like a "treadmill test for the pancreas," and the pancreas fails. We postulate that strong complement amplification as a byproduct of the inflammatory response is responsible for the clinically observed hemolysis, as has been reported with other vaccines, infections, and surgeries. With clinics and pharmacies across the nation (including CVS and Walgreens) now offering vaccination appointments, you may be curious to know more about this updated vaccine and what kind of side effects may be affecting you after the shot. Based on the currently available evidence, specific risk factors have not been confirmed, the EMA said. The MHRA noted 79 cases of blood clots with low platelets, including 19 deaths, following more than 20m doses of the AstraZeneca jab. Are the Vaccines Safe? For original data, please e-mail the corresponding author. Common (not rare) side effects of COVID-19 vaccine. This study reported descriptive epidemiology for many potential AESIs for safety follow-up of COVID-19 vaccines from a random Swedish population. Is this true? He has written about food and dining for Time, among other publications. In fact, fewer than 57% of all Americans know their blood type, according to a 2019 survey from Quest Diagnostics. In addition, his total bilirubin rose to 7.1 mg/dL from baseline 2.4 mg/dL. The blood type-infection connection is not unique to the coronavirus. This "Covid arm" rash can be red, itchy, swollen, or painful. They include: tenderness, swelling, and. Scientists have readily admitted that this particular batch of bivalent vaccines, targeted towards BA.4 and BA.5 sub-Omicron variants, have yet to be studied in humans officially. The first study, conducted by Danish researchers, analyzed data from more than 473,000 people tested for COVID-19 with data from a control group of more than 2.2m non-tested people. This is why learning from Body Ecology, from doctors, and from other practitioners in our space is important. Lexington, MA 02421. The Impact of Coronavirus Blood Clots Throughout the Body. How much virus you were exposed to, your age, plus any of your underlying health conditions also affects the course and severity of the disease. Some less common side effects include nausea and swollen lymph nodes (especially in the armpit). Building E23 Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. Current authorizations are based on these previous studies, as laid out by health regulators at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The lymph nodes become tender and swell up within two to four days after the COVID-19 vaccination, and the swelling can last up to six to eight weeks. The online version of this article contains a data supplement. All in all, more than 1 million people were involved. Chills,. Please check for further notifications by email. Quite a bit of research has been published on the topic of blood type and its role in determining COVID-19 risk. The US Food and Drug Administration has recommended pausing use of the jab while J&J has announced it would proactively delay the rollout of our vaccine in Europe. But recently, the genetics company 23andMe revealed preliminary data from their own study showing that a person's blood type, which is determined by the ABO gene, appears to affect susceptibility to coronavirus. They observed that individuals with Type A blood appeared to be at significantly higher risk of contracting the virus constituting nearly 38 percent of the ill patients, compared with the 31 percent of healthy individuals with this blood type. Instead, it seems that a specific variant in the ABO gene is associated with lower risk. Fever or chills. However, the chance of developing severe illness and death after a COVID-19 infection is much higher (2-10%). Blood clot symptoms and when they're likely to occur. In addition, COVID-19 vaccination might offer better protection than getting sick with COVID-19.A recent study showed that unvaccinated people who already .