[1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. $156.33. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). How does climate change affect El Nino and La Nina cycles? The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. Alleged Nazi war criminal dies, ending case against him At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. Ex-SS guard convicted in Germany's 'last' Holocaust trial In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. Row of Barracks at Stutthof Trials begin of former SS guard and secretary at Stutthof concentration Thousands of SS guards were granted transfers from camps to field service, said Stefan Hrdler, yet Dey had remained at Stutthof until April 1945. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. Former SS guard stands trial on murder accessory charges, Germany: 92-year-old former SS guard to face trial, Former Nazi concentration camp guard on trial in Hamburg, UN states finally strike deal to protect high seas. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. Frankly, a nice sight. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. It was not produced on an industrial scale, but still for utilitarian purpose, Soap made from human corpses Danzig Anatomical Institute, debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Female guards in Nazi concentration camps, "History of the concentration camp in Stuttfof", "Stutthof, the first Nazi concentration camp outside Germany", "Mennonites and the Holocaust: From Collaboration to Perpetuation", Datos de 295 Mujeres Pertenecientes a la SS: Christel Bankewitz, Stutthof, "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire", "PHASE II: THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 19411944", "Klooga Concentration Camp and Holocauts Memorial. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a network of forced-labor camps. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. There were also Polish Jews from Warsaw and Bialystok, and Jews from forced-labor camps in the occupied Baltic states, which the Germans evacuated in 1944 as Soviet forces approached. per group (up to 3) Private Shore Excursion: Tour of Gdansk and visit Stutthof Concentration Camp. Stutthof | Holocaust SS-Aufseherin Elisabeth Becker - death by hanging 4. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? The fourth and final trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from 19 November to 29 November 1947. [citation needed], Conditions in the camp were extremely harsh;[16] tens of thousands of prisoners succumbed to starvation and disease. Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. Landmark trial Bruno D. came to the. Little is known about her life, but it is a known fact that in 1944 she became- Aufseherin, a female-guard, in the women's section of Stutthof concentration camp. [2] SS-Rottenfhrer Emil Strehlau was sentenced by the court in Torun (Wloclawek) on April 23, 1948, to death for war crimes. An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. Why Did Ancient Egyptian Men Wear Makeup? Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka - Wikimedia She kicked me so hard that I fell. The EVIL Female Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp Now 92, he vividly remembers the five camps and sub-camps of Stutthof that he was sent to. Stutthof concentration camp - Wikipedia Rajiv Kapoor family: Who is Rajiv Kapoor's ex-wife Aarti Sabharwal and did they have any children? On one occasion, she selected 1,100 of 1,400 prisoners present to be sent to their deaths. Stutthof Trial (April-May 1946) - Jewish Virtual Library Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . ", How nine women escaped from a Nazi death march, Historic ocean treaty agreed after decade of talks, China looks at reforms to deepen Xi's control, Inside the enclave surrounded by pro-Russia forces, 'The nurses wanted me to feel guilty about my abortion, From Afghan TV fame to a US factory floor. Cut off by advancing Soviet forces the Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. Nazi Concentration Camp Secretary, 96, Has Been Caught After - NPR Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. [citation needed], The camp staff consisted of German SS guards and, after 1943, the Ukrainian auxiliaries brought in by SS-Gruppenfhrer Fritz Katzmann, the Higher SS and Police Leader of the area. Concentration camp guard, 93, given suspended sentence in German case - CBC Harry S: 96-year-old accused of being Nazi concentration camp guard [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. Female Nazi war criminals - Capital Punishment U.K Dave, Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. She showed no hesitation in beating her victims to death and displayed no remorse when selecting women and children for the gas chambers. (08.08.2019), One of the last trials against an ex-concentration camp guard began Thursday in Hamburg. Photo by Polish authorities (4 July 1946). [5] It is estimated that between 63,000 and 65,000 prisoners of Stutthof concentration camp and its subcamps died as a result of murder, starvation, epidemics, extreme labour conditions, brutal and forced evacuations, and a lack of medical attention. This blog has been around for a while. Entry Filed under: 20th Century,Capital Punishment,Concentration Camps,Death Penalty,Execution,Germany,Hanged,History,Mass Executions,Mature Content,Occupation and Colonialism,Poland,Public Executions,Russia,USSR,War Crimes,Women, Tags: 1946, bischofschugel, biskupia gorka, danzig, elisabeth becker, ewa paradies, fascism, franciszek szopinski, gdansk, gerda steinhoff, holocaust, jan breit, jenny wanda barkmann, johann pauls, joseph reiter, july 4, kapos, nazi, naziism, stolzenberg, stutthof, sztutowo, tadeus kopczynski, waclaw kozlowski, wanda klaff, world war ii. Conditions in the camp were brutal and prisoners were used as forced laborers. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. After beginning her career at the all-female camp, Lichtenberg, the dedicated Nazi used brutality and cruelty to work to her way up to the highest female rank possible, Oberaufseherin, or chief guard. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. Jenny Barkmann: The "Beautiful Spectre" of Stutthof (06.11.2018), The man is accused of being complicit in the deaths of 5,230 inmates during a period of almost a year working as a guard at the Stutthof concentration camp. Stutthof survivor: Entering Nazi camp meant a death sentence "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. Ex-Nazi camp guard, dies, case against him ends - DW - 02/28/2023 There was no evidence to link him to specific killings, and though he admitted to serving at the camp, he said that he was unaware that people were being murdered there. Thanks, Max the link is fixed in the entry now as well. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann | Military Wiki | Fandom Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. But the few that took pleasure from the horrors within the walls of the camps proved the female of the species really can be deadlier than the male. wikipedia.en/Identification_of_inmates_in_German_concentration_camps.md The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. The rest were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. To support our channel, please make sure to subscribe. Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. The well known Nuremberg Trials were only concerned with concentration camps as evidence for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Third Reich leadership. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. Stutthof had a large number of sub camps, and prisoners were forced to work incredibly hard some even made aircraft parts for German planes. Between 25th April and 31th May before the Special Law Court at Danzig a trial was held against guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp The accused were : 1. In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. Even then, she continued kicking me, then walked away and left me there.. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. Kobyla kicked me, and I still bear the scars. Subscribe to this by clicking this link:https://www.youtube.com/c/TheFortresssThanks for watching! A narcissist who had numerous affairs with SS officers, she was said to have deliberately chosen women she considered more beautiful than her. One such guard was Jenny Barkmann, who earned the moniker Beautiful Spectre.. Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. Other witnesses said she beat women to death with wooden sticks and shot at women who were too slow when carrying heavy containers of food. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". Dachau KZ: STUTTHOF CONCENTRATION CAMP PART 9/10 - Blogger She also beat her on the face and head with her fists, and when the woman fell to the ground she trampled on her. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. Ackermann, who delivered the lamp, said that its base was made from a human foot and shinbone and the shade had tattoos and even nipples. Forced labor in Nazi concentration camps - Wikipedia Herta Bothe a camp guard, called "Sadist of Stutthof". 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. She was sentenced to death, alongside Bormann and Grese, after being found guilty of crimes against humanity. She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. One prominent inmate and survivor of the Stutthof concentration camp was member of parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark Martin Nielsen, who detailed his deportation to, experience in and ensuing death march from the camp in his book Rapport fra Stutthof ('Report from Stutthof'). In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp, administered by the German Security Police. It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. The 99-year-old was under investigation over suspected complicity in the murders that took place at the Ravensbrck Nazi concentration camp, where tens of thousands of women were killed. Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. Former farmworker Irma Grese had wanted to become a nurse but, at 17, the labour exchange sent her to work at Ravensbrck concentration camp - which held 132,000 women throughout the war. In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. These were Johann Pauls, SS-Aufseherins Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, Ewa Paradies, Gerda Steinhoff. He was also tried in juvenile court despite his age, because his crimes were committed when he was a minor. [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. [22] Spanner was unlikely to have "really occupied himself with the production of usable soap from human fat", and that any soap production in his laboratory was likely marginal. All those who worked in it were. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. She died in 1989. [39] On 28 September 2021, Frau Furchner left her home in Hamburg and failed to show for her hearing, she was captured on 30 September 2021 and the hearing was rescheduled for 19 October 2021. Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. Stutthof Concentration Camp, Sztutowo - Tripadvisor It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. 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It was liberated by the British army on April 15th, 1945. In 1949, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Hans Jacobi, the commandant of Stutthof subcamps forming Baukommando Weichsel or OT Thorn (Organisation Todt Thorn) for women digging anti-tank ditches,[6] was tried before the criminal court in Toru and sentenced to three years in prison. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. In September 1942, Bothe became the SS Aufseherin camp guard at the Nazi German Ravensbrck concentration camp for women. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on 4 July The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges.